潛點集

蒙古

目的地區: 蒙古
國家 Mongolia (46 00 N, 105 00 E )

當成吉思汗征服了歐亞帝國時,蒙古在13世一鳴驚人。 在他的死後帝國被劃分了成幾個強大的蒙古部族,但在14世分歧。 在17世末期成為中國統治的一部傷。 在蘇聯幫肋下蒙古在1921年獨立。 1924年成為共產政權的一部份。 從一次平安民主革命, ex-Communist蒙古人People' s革命党(MPRP)在1990年和1992年在競選中獲勝,但是由民主党合聯合(DUC)擊敗在1996議會選舉。 從那以後,在2000年議會選舉壓倒多數地退回MPRP到力量,但是2004次競選減少了MPRP代表。

面積 總共1,564,116 平方公里,其中水域:9,385 平方公里 ,陸地: 1,554,731 平方公里
首都 烏籣巴托
氣候

desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

地形 vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
時區 GMT+8 香港時間
語言 Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
貨幣 togrog/tugrik (MNT)
食用  
電力 220 伏特, 雙圓腳出發前要先查詢。
最佳潛水時段  
氣候 面積有1,564,116 平方公里,蒙古位列世上第十九大的國家(排名在伊朗以後)。 比下一位列- 秘魯大很多。

蒙古的地理變化隨南部的戈壁沙漠和北部及西部冷和多山地。 蒙古包括乾草原。 最高峰是Khüiten峰頂在西部的Tavan bogd斷層塊在4,374 公尺。,與俄國的Tuva分享Uvs Nuur湖低地 ,是一個自然世界產點。 大多地區是夏天熱和冬天極端寒冷,當1月平均降至 "-30°C"。受到叫作zud的偶爾的苛刻的氣侯情支配。 烏蘭巴托雍有世上最低平均溫度首都所在。 蒙古是高,冷和有風的。 長,冷的冬天和短的夏天的極端大陸性氣候,期間大多每年降雨雪下跌。 年平均為257無雲天,並且它通常在高氣壓的區域的中心。 降雨雪是最高在北部(平均每年20到35厘米)和最低的在南部,年謹10到20厘米。 極端南部是Gobi,有些地區的降雨雪不多。

命名" Gobi" 是沙漠乾草原,通常提到乾旱的牧場類別以不足的植被支持土撥鼠,但對駱駝就足有餘。 蒙古與適當的沙漠區別Gobi,雖然分別總是不是明顯的對局外人不熟悉對蒙古風景。 過度放牧容易毀壞Gobi牧場,導致真正的沙漠的擴展,石廢地今雙峰也不能生存。
飛行路徑及時間

香港 -> 北京 -> 烏籣巴托 或 香港 -> 首爾 ->  烏籣巴托

電話

行動電話在市區範圍內皆可使用,山區或會失效。

簽証要求 HKSAR 免簽可停30 晚。
   
地理資料

Northern Asia, between China and Russia

海岸線:

0 公里
最低點 Hoh Nuur 518 m
最高點

Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m

Flag description: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
   
  Ulaanbaatar:

Ulan Bator, or Ulaanbaatar (Mongolian: ), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is an independent municipality not part of any province, and its population as of 2008 is just over 1 million.
Located in the north central part of the country, the city lies at an elevation of about 1,310 metres  in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the cultural, industrial, and financial heart of the country. It is also the center of Mongolia's road network, and connected by rail to the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Chinese railway network.

Monasteries

Among the notable older monasteries is the Choijin Lama Monastery, a Buddhist monastery that was completed in 1908. It escaped the destruction of Mongolian monasteries when it was turned into a museum in 1942. Another is the Gandan Monastery, which dates to the 19th century. Its most famous attraction is a 26.5-meter-high golden statue of Migjid Janraisig. These monasteries are among the very few in Mongolia to escape the wholesale destruction of Mongolian monasteries under Khorloogiin Choibalsan.

Winter Palace

Old Ikh Khüree, once the city was set up as a permanent capital, had a number of palaces and noble residences in an area called Öndgiin sürgiin nutag. The Jebtsundamba Khutughtu, who was later crowned Bogd Khan, had four main imperial residences, which were located between the Middle (Dund gol) and Tuul rivers. The summer palace was called Erdmiin dalai buyan chuulgan süm or Bogd khaanii serüün ord. Other palaces were the White palace (Tsagaan süm or Gngaa dejidlin), and the Pandelin palace (also called Naro Kha Chod süm), which was situated in the left bank of Tuul River. Some of the palaces were also used for religious purposes.  The only palace that remains is the winter palace. The Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan (Bogd khaanii nogoon süm or Bogd khaanii öwliin ordon) remains as a museum of the last monarch. The complex includes six temples, many of the Bogd Khan's and his wife's possessions are on display in the main building.

Museums

Ulaanbaatar has several museums dedicated to Mongolian history and culture. The Natural History Museum features many dinosaur fossils and meteorites found in Mongolia. The National Museum of Mongolian History includes exhibits from prehistoric times through the Mongol Empire to the present day.  The Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts contains a large collection of Mongolian art, including works of the 17th century sculptor/artist Zanabazar, as well as Mongolia's most famous painting, One Day In Mongolia by B. Sharav.
Pre-1778 artifacts that never left the city since its founding include the Vajradhara statue made by Zanabazar himself in 1683 (the city's main deity kept at the Vajradhara temple), a highly ornate throne presented to Zanabazar by the Kangxi Emperor (before 1723), a sandalwood hat presented to Zanabazar by the Dalai Lama (c. 1663), Zanabazar's large fur coat which was also presented by the Kangxi Emperor and a great number of original statues made by Zanabazar himself (e.g. the Green Tara).

Opera house

The Ulaanbaatar Opera House hosts concerts and musical performances.

Sükhbaatar Square

Sükhbaatar Square, in the government district, is the center of Ulaanbaatar. In the middle of Sükhbaatar Square, there is a statue of Damdin Sükhbaatar on horseback. The spot was chosen because that was where Sukhbaatar's horse had peed (a good omen) on July 8th, 1921 during a gathering of the Red Army. On the north side of Sükhbaatar Square is the Mongolian Parliament building, featuring a large statue of Chinggis Khan at the top of the front steps. Peace Avenue (Enkh Taivny Örgön Chölöö), the main thoroughfare through town, runs along the south side of the square.

Zaisan Memorial

The Zaisan Memorial, a memorial to Russian soldiers killed in World War II, sits on a hill south of the city. The Zaisan Memorial includes a Russian tank paid for by the Mongolian people and a circular memorial painting which depicts scenes of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Mongolia. Visitors who make the long climb to the top are rewarded with a panoramic view of the whole city down in the valley.

National Sport Stadium

National Sports Stadium is the main sporting venue. The Naadam festival is held here every July.

Surroundings

Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, a nature preserve with many tourist facilities, is approximately 70 km from Ulan Bator. Accessible via paved road.

Dundgovi:

Dundgovi (Mongolian: , Middle Gobi) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. It is located in the south of the country, approximately 245 kilometers  south of Ulaanbaatar. Its capital is Mandalgovi.
Sum centre is aimag capital Mandalgovi

Dalanzadgad:

Dalanzadgad (Mongolian: ) is the capital of Ömnögovi Aimag in Mongolia. It is located 540 kilometers  south of the national capital Ulan Bator. The altitude of the city center is 1,470 meters .
he Dalanzadgad Airport (ZMDZ/DLZ) has one unpaved runway. It is served by regular domestic flights from and to Ulaanbaatar. There are summer and winter timetables. Flights are made by MIAT and other smaller companies. As Dalanzadgad is on the tourist route to Gobi - there will be chartered flights from Ulan Bator, but not necessarily back - because the people continue to travel in off-road vehicles.
In 2007 Mongolian Civil Aviation Authority built a new airport with paved runway. The runway is 2nd longest after Chinggis Khaan International Airport.
There is GSM coverage in the city the same as in other major locations - the coverage is good for about a mile out of the city. Usually, the city is also supplied with electric power 24 hours a day.

Flaming Cliffs:

The Flaming Cliffs site, really Bayanzag (Mongolian: , rich in saxaul or Mongolian: red cliffs), is a region of the Gobi Desert in Mongolia, in which important fossil finds have been made. It was given this name by American paleontologist Roy Chapman Andrews, who visited in the 1920s. The area is most famous for yielding the first discovery of dinosaur eggs. Other finds in the area include specimens of Velociraptor. The rock gives off a glowing orange colour, hence the nickname.

Kharkhorin:

Kharkhorin (Mongolian: ) is a city and sum (district) center in the Övörkhangai Province in Mongolia. Sum population was 13,828 (1994), 13,964 (2000), 13,496(2003). Kharkhorin city population is 8,977 (2003), city area is 20.5 km2.
Kharkhorin is located at the lower end of the upper valley of the Orkhon River, part of the World Heritage Site Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape. The location marks the eastern foothills of the Khangai Mountains, where they meet the rolling steppe of central Mongolia.
Nearby are the ruins of the ancient town of Karakorum, which for a short time served as the capital of the Mongol Empire under Ogedei Khan. Another landmark is the Erdene Zuu monastery.
The main sources of income to Kharkhorin are tourism and agriculture. Water from the Orkhon river serves to irrigate the crops on the large plain east of the town. The Kharkhorin Airport (KHR/ZMHH) has one unpaved runway and is served by regular flights from and to Ulan Bator.

Erdene Zuu Monastery:

The Erdene Zuu Monastery (Mongolian: ) is probably the most ancient surviving Buddhist monastery in Mongolia. It is in Övörkhangai Province, near the town of Kharkhorin and adjacent to the ancient city of Karakorum. It is part of the World Heritage Site entitled Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape.
The Erdene Zuu monastery was built in 1585 by Abtai Sain Khan,upon the (second) introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Mongolia. Stones from the ruins of Karakorum were used in construction. It is surrounded by a wall featuring 102 stupas The number 108, being a sacred number in Buddhism and the number of beads in a Buddhist rosary, was probably envisioned, but never achieved. The monastery temples' wall were painted, and the Chinese-style roof was covered with green tiles. The monastery was damaged by warfare in the 1680s, but was rebuilt in the 18th century and by 1872 had a full 62 temples inside.

Tsenkher Jiguur Minerial Spring Camp:

 

Khorgo and Tsagaan Buur National Park:

The Khorgo (Mongolian: ) is an extinct volcano in the Arkhangai Province of Mongolia. It is located on the northern slopes of the Khangai Mountains. The Khorgo lies east of the lake Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur and together they are the core of the Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur National Park. An notable geological feature are solidified lava bubbles, which the locals have named "basalt yurts" .

Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur:

Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur (Mongolian: ) also known as White Lake is a lake in the Khangai Mountains in central Mongolia. The Khorgo volcano is located near the eastern end of the lake and the Suman gol river springs from lake.

Mongol Altai Camp site:


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